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Why are bearings considered the greatest invention?
Summary: Bearings are fundamental components in machinery, widely used in mechanical products across various industries, and are known as the "joints" of machines.
Bearings are fundamental components in machinery, widely used in mechanical products across various industries, and are known as the "joints" of machines. Even in the most advanced machines, a single faulty bearing can lead to catastrophic failure.
Taking the main bearings of an aero-engine as an example: the working environment of bearings in aero-engines can be described as "purgatory." They not only operate at high speeds of tens of thousands of revolutions per minute for extended periods, but also endure various forms of stress, compression, friction, and extremely high temperatures. They truly are battle-tested.
Furthermore, for some structural components with lower precision, even minor cracks may not compromise safety (professionally known as damage tolerance). However, for critical transmission components such as main aero-engine bearings, there is no such thing as damage tolerance. Cracks or any form of damage are absolutely unacceptable during operation, thus demanding extremely high precision in manufacturing and material strength.
Therefore, high-end bearings are hailed as the "Mount Everest of mechanical engineering." The manufacturing of high-end bearings integrates today's cutting-edge engineering technologies: it involves not only a series of technical challenges in materials, grease and lubrication, manufacturing, design, bearing manufacturing equipment, and testing, but also fundamental scientific research and interdisciplinary studies in contact mechanics, lubrication theory, tribology, fatigue and failure, and heat treatment and material structure. Such a comprehensive undertaking is far beyond the reach of weaker nations. Although there are countless types of bearings, they all follow the same mechanical principles and laws of mechanics. According to the different ways of force transmission, bearings can be divided into two major categories: sliding bearings and rolling bearings. The former relies on sliding to transmit force, while the latter relies on rolling to transmit force.
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